Thermometer and other similar device having saturated vapors.



PATENTED AUG. 18, 1908.

. J, B. POURNIER. THERMOMETER AND OTHER SIMILAR DEVICE HAVING SATURATED VAPORS.

APPLIOATION FILED 13110.21, 1905.

r. 0 W TV m 0 5 7 /w A UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOSEPH BARBE FOURNIER, OF PARIS,- FRANCE.

TEERMOLIETER AND OTHER SIMILAR DEVICE HAVING SATURATED VAPORS.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application filed December 21, 1905. Serial No. 292,719.

Patented Aug. 18, 1908.

. Which the part sensible to heat incloses a saturated vapor the tension of which has for its purpose to act on a manometer or other member sensible to the pressure, locatedat any distance from the said part sensible to heat.

This invention is closely associated with other inventions described in my application Serial No. 233,158, filed November 17, 1904, and my application Serial No. 290,806-filed December 7, 1905.

The purpose of the said improvements is to locate on a predetermined length the part of the apparatus which is sensible to heat.

Figure 1 is a side elevation partly broken away, showing one form of manometric' tube connected with a flexible tube and receptacle, so as to embody the rinciple of my invention; Fig. 2 is a detai consisting of a section of a different type of receptacle'B for connection with the flexible tube 0; Fig. 3 is a sec tion showing in section another type of receptacle to be connected with the manometer by means of a pipec; Fig. 4 is a section showing still another form of my device in which provision is made for excessively high temperatures due to metallurgical and similar operations.

a designates a manometer tube sensible to the pressure of the volatile liquidhaving a high vaporizing oint liquid 11 which it contains. The said tu e is connected by a flexible 1pipe c witha member'd (Fig.1) sensible to eat and which consists of a reee tacle to the cen- Of which the said flexib e ipe 0 extends "and which contains a volatile quid e as well.

orifice that a as the 'va' oirlf of the said liquid, apart bf the same. v at' e liquid 6, qulcksilver, for instance, filling the tube a and the pipe 0. The of the latter is located at such a point the planes passing through the same dlvlde the capacity of the receptacle (1 into The uantity of the volatile llqllld is such that t e orifice g is always lmmersedin the said liquid whatever may be ,surance that Whatever may be the the position of the receptacle (1. Whether up right inclined, or reversed, and in any condition as to tem erature, that is whatever may be the dilatatlons of the several arts of the apparatus; whereby the volatile iquid e and its vapor f are never enabled to penetrate into the flexible pipe 0 and are thus invariably confined in a certain and well defined part of the receptacle d. On the other hand, the

quantity of the liquids b and e is such that, in

the ordinary conditions of use of the apparatus, the receptacle d is never completely filled with liquid, in order that the phenomena of dilatation shall have no influence at all on the pressure ofthe liquids, such pressure being exclusively due to the elastic force of the I vapor f.

To make use of the device thus fitted up, thewhole of the receptacle (1 is placed there where the temperature is to be indicated or made use of at a distance. There is the asof the said receptacle, the vapor f, wi 1 be exclusively in contact with the liquid 6 and the Walls of the receptacle (1, both the liquid and the walls partakin of the temperature of the inclosure in which the device is located. Any cold wall phenomenon is thus avoided, so that the tension of the vapor corres onds exactly to the temperature of the inc osure and the ressure transmitted to the manometer is in e endent of any influence prevailing outside t e inclosure.

The device shown in Fig. 2 only diflers from that hereinbefore described in that the receptacle d is in the shape of a tubular nest,

' the ends of the tubes extending into the flat casings d In Fig. 3, the reee tacle d is divided into two parts by a flexib e air-ti ht partition h; one of the said parts into 'w 'ch opens the pipe 0 extending to the manometer is entirely filled with the hardly volatile liquid 6 and the other, part contains the volatile liquid 6 and its vapor j When the receptacle has to be subjected to the high temperatures of the metallurgic and other trades the deviceshown in Fig. 4 may be used.

The rece tacle comprises two tubes (1* and d of porce ain or other refractory material having the suitable relative capacities and communicating with each other through the tube d" the inner diameter of which is small.

The upper part 117 of the tube (1 is inclined,

and carries a pipei'the inner diameter of osition a manner that on the said material or the said metal being reduced to a liquid state, it Will entirely fill the tube (1 the ipe d, and a part of the tube (1 up to a suita le level Z, as shown in Fig. 4. Any metals answering the purpose stated are mercury, cadmium, zinc,

silver and such other metals and their alloys as willboil under atmospheric pressure at a rather low temperature. The material which fills'the system up to the level I is so chosen that its melting point will be in proper relation to the temperature to be measured.

Then there is introduced into the free art of the tube d of the pipe i, and of the ulb j, through'a cock 7c, a gas n, such as azote, hydrogen, or even the air, under suitable pressure.

The system thus charged is introduced into the medium the temperature of which requires to be regularized, a blast-furnace for instance, in such a manner that the branch (1 shall dip entirely into the said medium, While the upper part d of the'tube (Z passes through the wall m of the blast-furnace, as shown in-diagram in Fig. 4. In general, all that need to be done is to so arrange the reservoir d d that the temperature of the branch (1 shall never exceed the temperature I then as temperature of the blast-furnace con- ,tinues to rise, the sand liquid material is reof the branch d.

located exactly at t e'place Where a knowledge of the temperature is' most required, and the tube (1 may be applied along the inner wall of the blast-furnace. When the latter reaches the melting point for the material 6 the latter passes into a liquid state;

duced into a state of saturated vapor, the

By varying the lengthand the shape of thepi e d the tube (1 maybe tension of which is transmitted through the medium of the column of gas above the level Z, then of the liq'uid b of the bulb j, and of the flexible pipe 0 to the manometer or other apparatus sensible to the pressure.

When the temperatures to be regularized do not exceed acertain value, the reservoir just described may be entirely of iron or of nickel.

The hereinbefore described arrangement i has the eflectof localizing with the greatest certitude the sensible part of the apparatus in such a manner as to eliminate the injurious influence of cold walls in those parts of the instrument which extend between the point where the heat is to be measured or regulated and the manometer or other apparatus at the outside. The small diameter of the tubes (1 and tithe revious compression of the gas n, and the re atively great density of the metallic vapors, all contribute to prevent the difluslon of the said vapors, so that these vapors remain localized in the branch d and at the bottom of the branch (1 In this form the elements 11 ,61, (Z l 1', and I) represent the receptacle described above.

Claim The combination of a curved tube or manometer, of a movable receptacle or vessel, of a flexible tube which puts the manometer tube in connection with the said receptacle, the end of the flexible tube opening at about the center of the movable receptacle, and of a liquid fillin the manometer, the flexible tube, and at Iev receptacle, so that the vapors given off by the liquid in the-remainder of the receptacle are ast one half of the movable always prevented by the liquid from entering into the flexible tube whatever may be the position or the temperature of the receptacle.

In testimony, that I claim the foregoing as my invention, I have signed my name in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' JOSEPH BARBE FQURNIER. Witnesses:

HANsoN C. Ooxn, MAURICE Roux; 

